Anglais juridique.
Par Matt • 1 Juin 2018 • 6 299 Mots (26 Pages) • 563 Vues
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IMPORTANT CHANGES UNDER HENRY VIII
- Wales and England became a single legal unity
- The Act of Union 1534
- The Privy Council was established
- Like cabinet today
- Headed by the king’s secreatary
* Played a very influential rôle
* See Thomas Cromwell
- Nobles continued to lose power while merchants and the landed gentry continued to gain power
- The increased power of the monarch
- The Statute of Proclamations 1539
HENRY VIII- ABSOLUTISM AND REFORMATION – THE BACKGROUND
- Henry VIII (1491-1547)
- Thirsty for power and greatness
- Money spender (more revenues?)
- Concerned with succession (no male heir)
- seceded from Roman Catholic Church (Pope (pape) refused to grant him divorce) and put himself as head of the Anglican Church
=> Spiritual and Temporal king
THE POWER OF THE CHURCH
- Extremely powerful
- 1/5 of English land owned by monasteries
- Exempt from taxation
- Took their orders from the Pope in Rome
- Above the law :
- Clergy immune from prosecution
- Churches sanctuaries for people escaping arrest
HENRY’S TAKEOVER OF THE CHURCH
- In love with Anne Boleyn and desperate to have a son
- Need to have the Pope annul his marriage to Queen Catherine of Aragon (mother of his daughter Mary) => Pope refused
=> secession
- 1534 Act of Supremacy : Church of England under King of England
- Significant for Parliament
* The first time it had properly legislated
* The first time it had got involved in religious doctrine
- He also dissolved the monasteries and took over their possessions
THE RISE OF PROTESTANTISM IN EUROPE
- It emerged from discontent with the Church
- Led by Martin Luther
- Challenged the church’s position
- Proposed a certain number of reforms to improve it
- The abolition of « buying salvation »
- The introduction of national langages as the langage of the church, rather than Latin
- Emphasis on reading the bible
- Less dependence on Rome and on priests
- Priests should be allowed to marry
HENRY VIII’S BRAND OF PROTESTANTISM
- It was « Protestantism Light »
- A lot of Catholic doctrine was retained
- Henry’s reformation has mainly political motives
- But it a process (processus) whereby religion became an important issue
-1534 Treason Act – made it an offence not to recognise Henry as head of the church in England
- It left England a divided country
- Orthodox Catholics were unhappy
- Orthodox Protestants were unhappy
HENRY’S SUCCESSORS
- Edward VI (1547-53)
- Pursued the reform of the church
- Mary I (1553-58) « Bloody Mary »
- Reversed the process by trying to reestablis the Catholic Church
- Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
- A prosperous period
- A period of religioud stability
- Act of Uniformity 1559
- Imposed Anglicanism
THE STUART KINGS AND THE BATTLE WITH PARLIAMENT- THE BACKGROUUND
- James I wrote about being a King
- divinely anointed
- absolutist monarchy
- The social classes that elected the H of C were becoming more powerful, wanting
- More power to the Parliament
- The two sides seemed destined to clash
WHAT DID PARLIAMENT AND THE KING EACH WANT ?
- King : new taxes
- Parliament :
- More anti Catholic laws
- Alliances with Protestant countries
- Control over how taxes were spent
-Limits on royal prerogatives
-The Selling of monopolies
CHARLES I (1625-1649) AND PARLIAMENT
- 1625 Parliament refuses to vote taxes
=> The King dissolves Parliament
- Tried to rule without Parliament through « forced loans »
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