POLITICS IN THE VICTORIAN AND EDWARDIAN PERIOD

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COURS 23 - 11 – 2016

las time he explained what the 1832 refomr bill was about

in all this cases as with the corns laws

he studied the corn laws, and here is the same pattern

Roling classes: avec les circles

Land owners

Conservative party

Emil Ojers

Liberal party

Working classes

Luddism

Chartism

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LAst week he explained that the employers wanted to get more representation in parliament

the landowner did not want to give what they had

they wanted to stick to their power

the only way for the employers to get more powe was to use the employers, send them to the street to protest and scare the landowners

in the 19th century you had a gain with 3 partners

the same thing as in the corn laws

the employers used the working classes to get what they wanted from the landowners

The 1834 reform act

produced the basis for the LIBERAL PARTY

the emloyers could have a strong party in parliament to oppsse the conservatives

2cond consecuente of the 1832 refomr act : the workers

what happened to them? they had done all the fighting and they soon realise that they have been taking in (the employers used them for their own purpose)

what did the workers do? they turned away from parliamentary politics saying: no use fighting for electoral reforms , at the end of the day we dont get anithyng

they turned into REVOLUTIONARY TRADE UNIONISM

later

When they came to it, their approche was far more radical

RADICAL MOVEMTNS

-LUDDISM:

social unrest, had been rampant all over, the first half of the 19th century

people were flagmatic

who do not express their feeling and their anger and who lied compromised

when u look at the industrial revolution it has often being protraid/ shown in term of exploitation and passive suffering = poor people in workhouses (charles dickends) surring victims

But, facts were very different from those steoritipes and workers and poor people were not just passive and suffring victims but they revoted against their condition (they were very actif)

At the beginning of the 19th century, did not understand what was happening,

they have been no analysis yet about the industrial revolution, no theory about exploitation

what did they see = they saw machines coming, and they saw poor conditions and unemployement and so they associated their poor working conditions with the arrival of the machines .

So, the workers blamed not the employers, not the social forces, not the economic system, they just blamed maachines.

And their revolt was turned against machines

and what they did was to brake or burn those machines

there were violent attacks againts those machines

this movement of the early 19th century was called LUDDISM

because of a sort of legendary leader called LUDD but these leader probably never existed

so it was the leyend of a leader who lead the atacck

and the pople wer ecalled LUDDites

for instincs actually:

if people blame computers whant todestroy computer, you talk about a new luddism

people attacking modern technology are moderns luddites

it was a wide spread movement

in 1812, no fewer than 12 thousand troups were leaded to pacify the country

* if u read shriley a novel by charlotte Brontte (Emily bronte's sister)

then you will come accros with the description of a real battle that took place with the workers attacking a factory. this was the first movement that was not mature at al, peop

after 1832 and after this dessapoonting outcome of the 1832 refomr bill, workers became more radical and they engached in a revolutionary movement that was called CHARTISM

CHARTISM

it has been described as "the first large scale nation wide organisation of the working class"

chartism was about politics,

was a political movement

in 1838 the Chartism drafted a charter which they called THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER (reference to magna carta )

a six points charter.

1) Universal suffrage: demanded universal suffrage

was not what we would call universal

because it excluded half of the human kind

it spoke only about men

universal for them, was what we would call "manhood suffrage"

they did not even imagine that women could vote at the time

This charter was supported by huge meetings

there