Impact des big data sur la santé.

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Since the sensational appearance on the public stage, the Big Data gradually show the benefits they can bring to businesses. Initially confined to issues of storage and fast access to big data, big data were a great tool for marketers.

Commitment, loyalty, sales recurrence, sales forecasts, the Big Data were seen as a way to improve segmentation and decision making. They were mostly considered as an extension of existing analytical strategies to enrich customer knowledge and product through more data, more granular and more contextual.

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Big Data Analytics add values :

Faced with the initial success of these analytical optimization projects, companies have sought to go further by automating their strategic decision-making, based on precise indicators from Big Data Analytics. The big Datas now are to power the operational. The most striking examples are of course recommendation of Amazon or Netflix systems, which as pioneers, did not wait for the media buzz to embark on large-scale data analysis.

This "operationalization" of the data opened the way to innovative strategies to create new sources of value. Big Data thus became a tool to help companies explore new territories and to achieve impossible to complete projects before. Because big data can reveal an intrinsic value which was not necessarily expected to start the analysis. For example, any chain of supermarkets of a certain magnitude is studying the buying behavior of customers, via the analysis of receipts and loyalty cards. The original idea is to optimize the customer experience in the store, working in highlighting certain products and build loyalty through personalized offers. But, reading the test results will push the chain to work with its suppliers to send dynamically to customers on their mobile for immediate use coupons in the radius visited at the precise moment.

Beyond the marketing, the data professionals soon realized that Big Data could benefit all sectors: healthcare, banking, finance, telecommunications, etc. In 2012, McKinsey has calculated that only the health sector, the Big Data harbored a potential value of $ 300 billion in the US[2]6, which could be materialized by economic performance enhancements; the analysis of big data to optimize existing processes based on better knowledge.

The last step about to be crossed was in 2014.

This is the business model of radical change in a business related to the monetization of the data it collects (eg : Quintem or Blue DME[3]5).

- Big Data and E-health

As we have seen, the use of Big Data in health represents a real challenge to better anticipate and supervise the activities taking place in this sector.

Effectively, big data technologies now enable the collection, crossing and analysis of macro an

d micro data, whose sources and perimeters of interest are very diversified: industrial and scientific R & D, clinical data from personal and Health centers, health insurance funds, behavior and lifestyle of patients, etc.[4]

Big Data analysis has an impact on all areas, as highlighted in a McKinsey[5]6report and allows:

- better prevention with follow-up of patients who become an actor in their health. Connected objects are now at the heart of this phenomenon. Indeed, according to a study conducted by Accenture, the number of users of connected objects has doubled in two years, from 27% to 45% in 2016.

- better diagnosis by helping physicians choose the most appropriate treatments and personalize them

- a more efficient turnover of the medical staff with the provision of professionals adapted to the case of the patient (generalist vs specialist for example)

- cost control while offering a better quality of care,

- increase innovation for better exploitation and relaying of knowledge, for a better correlation between causes and effects, for the safety of treatments.

From an economic point of view, big data can improve operational performance:

- Preventive maintenance of medical facilities: All medical equipment is increasingly digitized. The optimization of the cost of its maintenance is essential view of the very high costs of this type of equipment. The machine learning algorithms combined with the big data technologies make it possible to carry out this type of analysis through the data collected by the equipment of the medical park.

- Pharmaceutical R & D: Indeed Big Data improves the field of clinical trials by allowing a reduction in development costs, increasing the chances of success in terms of new discoveries, improving patient safety and reducing delays of marketing.

As the number of objects connected to the Internet increases, the volume of accessible information grows with complexity and increased links between health data.

But also new sources of income from:

Better knowledge and customer relationship :

The Big data allows the improvement of the Marketing and commercial performances by better knowledge and customer relation. In particular, data from connected health objects, customers' health background, social networks, allow, thanks to the big data, to clearly define the lifestyle of the customers. This allows companies in the health sector to better adapt their messages and services to their customers.

New proposals for values :

Big data combined with the health sector have changed the business models, by the emergence of new proposals of values ​​on the part of companies in this sector, such as the resale of data or even more and more connected devices.

And by reselling data:

Some data from healthcare companies, once anonymized, can be resold, for example, to companies in the smart-house sector.

As well as the creation of new products and services:

Predictive medicine: data brought back by connected health objects, genetic data, health histories of the client allow, thanks to the big data, to predict certain diseases and thus to recommend to the customers to act as quickly as possible.[6]4

Epidemic risk warning: Big data can detect weak signals that spread